1 |
Natural Gas |
Industrial Plant |
Monitor main header to track billing, assess daily flow peaks, determine shift demand |
| Sub-meter branches to monitor department usage, analyze cost, promote conservation |
| 2 |
Natural Gas |
Buidling Automation |
Monitor natural gas demand and consumption for entire building to reduce energy |
| Monitor natural gas at individual zones to help promote energy conservation |
| 3 |
Natural Gas |
Commercial |
Monitor natural gas usage for individual tenants |
| Encourage conservation by monitoring individual branches |
| 4 |
Natural Gas |
Schools and Colleges |
Monitor usage in dorms and residence halls |
| Check boilers and furnaces for efficiency |
| 5 |
Natural Gas |
Boilers, Furnaces |
Check industrial boiler and furnace efficiency |
| Monitor natural gas (along with air) for optimal air/fuel ratio for combustion control |
| 6 |
Natural Gas |
Federal Government |
Monitor natural gas at federal buildings to comply with energy reduction initiatives |
| Federal Building initiative is based on Sec. 434 of National Conservation Policy Act |
| 7 |
Natural Gas |
Federal Government |
Monitor natural gas to assess whether government heating systems need replacement |
| Common government facilities to be monitored include the VA Hospitals and USPO |
| 8 |
Natural Gas |
Transmission |
Thermal MFMs not appropriate, except as “check meters” downstream of check valves |
| Check for leaks in the low pressure natural gas to compressor stations (also for “upset”) |
| 9 |
Natural Gas |
LEED Building |
Obtain LEED points in new construction or renovation of “green” buildings |
| Install natural gas meters to measure energy use in zones (1 LEED point) |
| 10 |
Natural Gas |
Regulatory |
Measure natural gas to industrial boilers and process heaters for municipal compliance |
| Reduce emissions from large industrial boilers and furnaces by adjusting air/ fuel ratio |
| 11 |
Digester Gas |
Live Stock |
Measure the digester gas off of livestock waste (pig farms, cows) for Carbon Credits |
| The digester gas contains ~65% CH4/ 35% CO2. Destroy the CH4 by flaring or Co-gen |
| 12 |
Digester Gas |
Kyoto Accord |
Reduce collective greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) through methane destruction |
| Monitor the digester gas on large projects, such as digesters on pig farms for credits |
| 13 |
Digester Gas |
CCX Credits |
The Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) offers mechanism to reduce global warming |
| Eligible projects for the above include livestock operations. Digester gas is measured |
| 14 |
Digester Gas |
Municipal |
Monitor the flow of digester gas to facilitate sewage treatment |
| Measure the flow of digester gas to engines or flares, or totalized flow for storage |
| 15 |
Landfill Gas |
Municipal |
Measure landfill gas (LFG) (~ 55% CH4/ 45% CO2) after the moisture knock-out |
| The measurement provides a means to balance the well heads & optimize effectiveness |
| 16 |
Landfill Gas |
Municipal |
Measure landfill gas flow to the flare for reporting to environmental agencies |
| Measure landfill gas to engines in co-generation and/ or for Carbon Credit programs |
| 17 |
Bio Gas |
Organic Waste |
Organic industrial waste from food processing can be broken down to produce energy |
| Organic wastes from livestock, energy crops. Sensitive flow metering required. |
| 18 |
Flare Gas |
Petrochemical |
Waste gas from petrochemical and chemical processes needs to be burned off |
| Sensitive flow measurement needed to detect normal leaks, as well as high flow upsets |
| 19 |
Flare Gas |
Combustion Process |
Measure the byproducts of combustion in pipes, stacks, ducts or chimneys |
| Venting from boilers, furnace, steam generators & ovens require sensitive measurement |
| 20 |
Methane |
Coal Mines |
Methane (mixed with air/ CO2) that is recovered from coal mines can be measured |
| Methane can also be measured in gas fields (as long as the fields are dry) |
| 21 |
Air/ Fuel |
Ethanol Distilation |
The air and fuel going into ethanol distillation tanks needs to be measured |
| In addition, the CO2 leaving the fermentation process, also needs to be monitored |
| 22 |
Air/ Fuel |
Combustion Control |
Monitoring and controlling of combustion air or oxygen and natural gas is critical |
| By maintaining the proper air/ fuel ratio, optimized combustion control is attained |
| 23 |
Air |
Compressed Air |
Monitor compressed air lines to detect leaks, improve efficiency, reduce energy costs |
| Also, assess when new compressors are required, or when excessive air being wasted |
| 24 |
Air |
Vent Air/ Other |
Measure supply air & exhaust air in incineration, vent air for environmental compliance |
| Exhaust flow in stacks, test pumps for leaks, air flow to heat treating furnaces, drying |
| 25 |
Other Gases |
Various |
CO2 for beer production, N2 for purging, blanketing & food preservation, H2 (cooling) |
| AR for steel purification and heat treating & plastics, CL2 or O3 for water treatment |
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